加拿大电子报税DIY全过程

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税务专家表示，除少数收入情况复杂的专业人士外，大多数民众可自行处理税务。事实上税务局(Revenue Canada)增辟的网路报税(NETFILE)服务使用简便，更可快速取得退税，越来越多的民众喜欢电子报税。下面给大家介绍一下电子报税的全过程。在一月底的时候，加拿大税务部门(Canada Revenue Agency)会给你寄封信，告诉你可以上网报税了，信里会有一个上一年报税用的Access Code。在此之后我们就需要上CRA的官网。(你必须已经用纸介质报过一次税)
这是关于如何报税说明的网页：http://canada.gc.ca/taxinfo
这个是电子报税的：http://netfile.gc.ca  
注：用到那个Access Code
这个网页是建立你的帐户：http://cra.gc.ca/myaccount
建立帐户后，对方会寄给你个CRA Security Code，这个code有个时间限定，必须在这个时间之前输入，否则过期失效。如果失效了，你可以给他们打了个电话，他们会再用mail寄给你一个。进入帐户可以查询你的很多财务信息，比如RRSP的额度等。网上报税很重要的一步是要用报税软件填写一个.tax文件，然后把文件从网上传给税务部门(Canada Revenue Agency)。现在报税软件用的最普遍的是Quicktax。你可以先将Quicktax.com保存的草稿仔细检查修改一下，然后下载一份.pdf格式的文件存档，再下载一个.tax文件网上提交给Canada Revenue Agency的NETFILE。提交成功后，屏幕会出现一个confirmation number，建议记下来，然后到Canada Revenue Agency中我的帐户上看一下，它会显示你的当年报税状态(Status of Return)为“已收到(Received)”。

下面补充一些有用的网上报税信息：
1.网上电子报税有几个限制条件(restrictions)，其中一个是你必须已经用纸介质报过一次税了，还有一条要注意一下：You are an immigrant, emigrant, or non-resident of Canada for the 2009 tax year.

2.虽然网上报税不要求把收据等寄过去，但netfile还有个提示，大意是你报税用到的收据和小票要保存6年备查。
原文如下：After we've processed your tax return, we may have to contact you to get supporting documents, so remember to keep your receipts and information slips for six years. This is the same verification process that applies to all tax returns, whether paper or electronic. It would not be an audit.

3.有关你的“Notice of Assessment and refund”邮寄地址。
当你换了新住址的时候，一定要记得寄封信给CRA，说明你的新住址。如果你没有给CRA寄信说明，却在你电子报税时填了你的新住址，那么你的"Notice of Assessment and refund"将会寄到你的老地址(也就是CRA档案中的地址)。
原文如下：I confirm that I have not changed my name, address, date of birth, or direct deposit information on the return. This personal information is not transmitted with my return when I use NETFILE. My Notice of Assessment and refund will be sent to the address on file with the CRA not to the address I entered using the software to prepare my tax return.

4.你当年的捐款(donation)报上去后，可以暂时不用它减税，你可以选择将减税转(transfer)到下一年，然后再转给下下一年，最多转5年。原文如下：You donot have to claim all of the donations you made this year on your current year return. It may be more beneficial to carry them forward and claim them on your return for any of the next five years.

5.如果你将你的tax return填错了，没关系，等对方给你寄“Notice of Assessment”，你收到后，到“My Account”使用“Change My Return”的功能修改保税信息。你也可以寄一份表“Form T1-ADJ T1 Adjustment Request”或者签名的信给你的tax centre，要求调整。
原文如下：What if I realize I made a mistake on my tax return or if I receive an additional information slip after I've sent it via NETFILE?You cannot use NETFILE to change your tax return. To make a change to your tax return, wait until you receive your Notice of Assessment. Once you've received it, you can use the Change my return option on My Account, our secure online service. You can also send a completed Form T1-ADJ T1 Adjustment Request, or a signed letter to your tax centre requesting an adjustment to your tax return.If you send a letter, provide your name, address, and social insurance number, and indicate the tax years to be adjusted. Also, because we wouldn't have received any paper documents with your NETFILE tax return, include the receipts and supporting documents for the original claim and the changes you want to make. For example, if you want to claim an additional charitable donation, you have to submit all charitable donation receipts, not just the receipt(s) for the additional amount.

6.下面的链接可以查你的tax centre的地址，我看了一下，没有给email，电话只是预约电话：Tax services offices and tax centres - Addresses, office hours, and fax numbers http://www.cra-arc.gc.ca/cntct/tso-bsf-eng.html7.

关于课本费，并不是按你买了多少书算的，它按照你上学都少周或月来算的，每周/月有个统一的额度。